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Black Americans
Only slightly more than 300 blacks were living in Iowa in the 1840s. Free blacks were
discouraged, if not totally
forbidden, from migrating to the state by a ruling in 1839, which stated that any black or
"mulatto" must provide "a fair certificate of actual freedom under a seal
of a judge and give bond of $500 as surety against becoming public charges" before
being permitted to settle in Iowa. The black population in the state tripled, however, in
1865, most migrating from Missouri and Mississippi/Ohio river areas. Very few black
histories exist in Iowa.
Native Americans
| 1781 |
Wife of a Fox warrior discovered lead deposits in the Iowa
country |
| 1788 |
Julien Dubuque, a fur trader, gained sanction from the Indians
to work lead mines near current Dubuque. |
| 1824 |
Half-Breed Tract established in current Lee County. |
| 1825 |
Neutral lines established between Sioux and Sac/Fox Indians. |
| 1830 |
Neutral ground established Sioux and Sac/Fox Indians |
| 1832 |
Black Hawk War terminates in exchange for strips of land west
of the Mississippi River (the Black Hawk Purchase); Winnebago
tribe given part of neutral ground. |
| 1833 |
Title to Black Hawk Purchase is transferred to US Government;
Ottawa, Pottawattomie and Chippewa tribes given lands in
current southwestern Iowa. |
| 1834 |
Half-breeds given fee simple title to Half-Breed Tract by act of
Congress. |
| 1836 |
Sac and Fox Indians cede Keokuk's Reserve of the US. |
| 1837 |
Sac and Fox Indians cede 1,250,000 acres of land, known as
second Black Hawk Purchase to US. |
| 1838 |
Chief Black Hawk dies at his home near the Des Moines
River in Davis County. |
| 1842 |
Sac and Fox cede all remaining lands in Iowa. |
| 1843 |
Sac and Fox vacate lands east of line passing north and
south through the Red Rocks of Marion County. |
| 1845 |
Sac and Fox withdraw from Iowa. |
| 1846 |
Pottawattomie relinquish lands in western Iowa. |
| 1848 |
Removal of Winnebago tribe begins. |
| 1851 |
Sioux cede lands in northern Iowa. |
| 1857 |
Spirit Lake Massacre: Sioux attack settlers & kill 30;
small band of Sac and Fox return & buy 80 acres of
land in Tama County; Members of these tribes still live
on a semi-reservation north of the village of Tama. |
| 1862 |
Blockhouses erected in northwestern Iowa for protection
against the Sioux. |
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by the Iowa Genealogical Society (IGS),
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